Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder, also known as Adhesive Capsulitis or Avabahuka in Ayurveda, is a condition characterized by stiffness, pain, and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. It occurs when the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint thickens and tightens, restricting movement. This condition typically progresses through three stages: the freezing stage (painful), the frozen stage (stiffness), and the thawing stage (recovery). Frozen shoulder can significantly impact daily activities and usually affects people aged 40 to 60, particularly women.

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Symptoms:

  • Gradual onset of shoulder pain, worsening at night or with movement
  • Progressive stiffness in the shoulder joint
  • Difficulty in performing everyday tasks, such as reaching overhead, dressing, or lifting objects
  • Pain that may radiate down the arm
  • Reduced range of motion, making it difficult to move the shoulder in any direction
  • In severe cases, complete loss of shoulder mobility

Causes:

  • Immobilization: Prolonged immobility of the shoulder due to injury, surgery, or other conditions can lead to frozen shoulder.
  • Diabetes: Individuals with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing frozen shoulder, though the exact reason is not well understood.
  • Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune diseases can trigger inflammation in the shoulder joint, leading to frozen shoulder.
  • Thyroid Disorders: Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been linked to an increased risk of frozen shoulder.
  • Trauma or Injury: Shoulder injuries, such as fractures or rotator cuff tears, can lead to the development of frozen shoulder, especially if the shoulder remains immobilized during recovery.
  • Aging: The risk of frozen shoulder increases with age, particularly in individuals over 40.

Diagnosis:

In Ayurveda, the diagnosis of frozen shoulder involves a detailed examination of the patient’s symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle. Physical examination includes assessing the range of motion, pain levels, and stiffness in the shoulder joint. Nadi Pariksha (pulse diagnosis) is used to detect the underlying dosha imbalance, typically Vata and Kapha. Modern diagnostic tools like X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound may also be used to rule out other causes and confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment:

Ayurvedic treatment for frozen shoulder focuses on reducing pain, improving mobility, and addressing the underlying causes by balancing the Vata and Kapha doshas. The treatment plan may include:

  • Herbal Remedies: Anti-inflammatory and muscle-relaxant herbs like Ashwagandha, Guggulu, Shallaki (Boswellia), and Rasna are used to reduce pain, stiffness, and inflammation in the shoulder joint.
  • Panchakarma Therapy: Detoxification procedures such as Abhyanga (herbal oil massage), Swedana (herbal steam therapy), and Pizhichil (oil bath therapy) are employed to improve blood circulation, reduce stiffness, and restore mobility to the shoulder joint.
  • External Applications: Local application of medicated oils or pastes, such as Mahanarayan oil or Dashmoola Taila, can help relieve pain and improve the flexibility of the shoulder.
  • Dietary Recommendations: A diet that balances Vata and Kapha is advised, focusing on warm, nourishing foods that are easy to digest. Avoiding cold, dry, and processed foods is crucial. Including anti-inflammatory foods such as ginger, turmeric, and garlic can be beneficial.
  • Yoga and Exercise: Gentle stretching exercises and specific yoga asanas like Gomukhasana (Cow Face Pose) and Garudasana (Eagle Pose) are recommended to improve flexibility and restore movement in the shoulder joint. It is essential to perform these exercises under the guidance of a qualified instructor to avoid further injury.
  • Lifestyle Modifications: Stress management through meditation and Pranayama (breathing exercises) is encouraged, as stress can exacerbate symptoms. Regular physical activity and maintaining good posture are also important in preventing recurrence.

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