Ankylosing spondylosis

Ankylosing Spondylosis (AS), known as Spondyloarthritis or Spondylitis in Ayurveda, is a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects the spine and the sacroiliac joints (where the spine meets the pelvis). It is characterized by pain and stiffness in the lower back and hips, which can progressively lead to fusion of the spinal vertebrae, resulting in reduced flexibility and a hunched posture. AS is a type of spondyloarthritis and often begins in early adulthood.

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Symptoms:

Chronic pain and stiffness in the lower back and hips, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity
Reduced flexibility and range of motion in the spine, leading to a hunched posture
Pain that may improve with physical activity but worsens with rest
Pain and swelling in other joints, such as the shoulders or knees, in some cases
Fatigue and general malaise
Gradual loss of spinal mobility and development of a forward-bent posture in advanced cases

Causes:

Genetics: A strong genetic component is associated with AS, particularly the presence of the HLA-B27 gene. However, not everyone with this gene will develop the condition.
Autoimmune Response: The condition is believed to involve an autoimmune reaction where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the spinal joints and surrounding tissues.
Inflammation: Chronic inflammation in the spinal and pelvic joints leads to pain, stiffness, and eventually bone fusion in advanced stages.
Family History: A family history of ankylosing spondylitis or other types of spondyloarthritis can increase the risk of developing the condition.

Diagnosis:

In Ayurveda, the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylosis involves assessing the patient’s symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle. Physical examination focuses on evaluating spinal mobility, pain levels, and joint stiffness. Nadi Pariksha (pulse diagnosis) helps identify imbalances in Vata and Kapha doshas contributing to the condition. Modern diagnostic methods, including X-rays, MRI, and blood tests (such as the presence of HLA-B27 antigen), are used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of spinal involvement.

Treatment:

Ayurvedic treatment for ankylosing spondylosis aims to reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, improve spinal mobility, and balance the Vata and Kapha doshas. The treatment plan may include:

Herbal Remedies: Anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving herbs such as Ashwagandha, Guggulu, Shallaki (Boswellia), and Turmeric are used to reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, and support overall joint health.
Panchakarma Therapy: Detoxification treatments like Abhyanga (herbal oil massage), Swedana (herbal steam therapy), and Basti (medicated enema) can help reduce inflammation, improve circulation, and enhance spinal flexibility.
External Applications: Local applications of medicated oils or pastes, such as Mahanarayan oil or Ksheerabala oil, can help relieve pain and stiffness in the spine and joints.
Dietary Recommendations: A diet that balances Vata and Kapha doshas is advised, focusing on warm, nourishing, and easily digestible foods. Anti-inflammatory foods and spices, such as ginger, turmeric, and garlic, are recommended. Avoiding cold, dry, and processed foods is important.
Yoga and Exercise: Regular physical activity and specific yoga asanas such as Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose) and Marjaryasana (Cat-Cow Pose) can help maintain spinal flexibility, reduce stiffness, and strengthen the core muscles supporting the spine. Exercises should be done under professional guidance to prevent strain.
Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining good posture, engaging in regular stretching exercises, and avoiding prolonged periods of inactivity are crucial for managing symptoms. Stress management techniques like meditation and Pranayama (breathing exercises) can also support overall well-being.